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Related Experiment Videos

Endothelium-dependent, shear-induced vasodilation is rate-sensitive.

P J Butler1, S Weinbaum, S Chien

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York 10031, USA.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
|March 9, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The rate of change and magnitude of shear stress trigger distinct endothelium-mediated arteriolar dilations. Rapid shear stress changes cause potent, transient vasodilation, while gradual changes induce a sustained, magnitude-sensitive response.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Microcirculation
  • Endothelial Function

Background:

  • Shear stress is a critical factor regulating vascular tone.
  • Endothelium-mediated vasodilation plays a key role in blood flow regulation.
  • The relative contributions of shear stress magnitude and rate of change are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the distinct roles of shear stress magnitude and its rate of change in endothelium-mediated arteriolar dilation.
  • To investigate the biphasic nature of vasodilation in response to controlled shear stress stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated rat cremaster arterioles were subjected to controlled steps and ramps of shear stress using a feedback system.
  • The temporal shear gradient (TSG) was manipulated to vary the rate of shear stress application.

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  • Both transient and sustained vasodilatory responses were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Time-dependent, biphasic vasodilations were observed in response to both step and ramp shear stress.
    • An initial transient vasodilation peaked rapidly with step shear, while ramp shear produced a lower peak.
    • A secondary, sustained vasodilation phase reached a similar steady state for both step and ramp shear.
    • Early vasodilation was highly rate-sensitive at high TSGs (>5 dynes/cm²/sec) and magnitude-sensitive at low TSGs (<5 dynes/cm²/sec).

    Conclusions:

    • Microvascular endothelium mediates two distinct responses to shear stress.
    • Rapid shear stress changes (seconds or less) elicit a potent, transient, rate-sensitive vasodilation.
    • Slower shear stress changes (longer time scales) elicit a more modest, sustained, magnitude-sensitive vasodilation.