Corticosteroid Injections: Their Use and Abuse

Local injections of corticosteroids are commonly used in orthopaedic practice on the assumption that they will diminish the pain of inflammation and accelerate healing. Less often considered is the possibility that their use may delay the normal repair response. Among the multitude of conditions treated with corticosteroids are acute athletic injuries, overuse syndromes, nerve compression, bone cysts, and osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of well-controlled studies that provide definitive recommendations for nonrheumatologic use of corticosteroids. Also troubling are the significant potential complications that can occur with their use. The authors believe that use of corticosteroids should be limited to the few conditions that have been proved to be positively influenced by them. Their use must be accompanied by a well-orchestrated treatment plan including close follow-up, physical therapy, and limitation of activities.