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Antenatal glucocorticoids and programming of the developing CNS.

S G Matthews1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Pediatric Research
|March 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoids (GCs) can permanently alter fetal brain development, leading to lifelong hyperactivity of the stress response system. This programming may increase the risk of age-related diseases later in life.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids (GCs) are vital for normal brain development.
  • Prenatal exposure to excess GCs can cause lasting behavioral and neuroendocrine changes.
  • The developing hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is particularly sensitive to GCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure's effects on brain development.
  • To explore the mechanisms behind permanent programming of the HPA axis and behavior.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding these effects given the clinical use of synthetic GCs.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes findings from animal studies on prenatal GC exposure.
  • It examines the impact on neuroendocrine function and behavior.

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  • The review discusses the potential long-term health consequences.

    • Main Results:

    • Animal studies show in utero exposure to synthetic GCs results in adult offspring with HPA axis hyperactivity.
    • This hyperactivity leads to increased lifelong GC exposure.
    • Increased GC exposure is linked to the premature onset of aging-related diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Prenatal GC exposure can permanently program the HPA axis and behavior.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial due to the use of synthetic GCs for fetal lung maturation.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and long-term consequences.