Angiotensin converting enzyme: history and relevance

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Pharmacology
• Endocrinology
• Renal Physiology

Background:

• The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) emerged as key therapeutic agents targeting the RAS.

Observation:

• The discovery of ACEi was significantly aided by basic research involving Bothrops Jararaca viper venom.
• This research led to the identification of bradykinin and bradykinin potentiating factor.

Findings:

• ACEi demonstrate significant efficacy in managing hypertension and heart failure.
• They also play a role in preventing vascular complications in chronic diseases like diabetes and scleroderma.

Implications:

• ACEi have underscored the critical importance of the RAS in various human pathologies.
• This has spurred further research into other RAS-targeting therapies, such as renin inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists.