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Calcium, nitric oxide, and preeclampsia.

P López-Jaramillo1

  • 1Instituto Colombiano de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Bucaramanga, Colombia. jplopezj@bucaramanga.cetcol.net.co

Seminars in Perinatology
|March 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Calcium supplementation significantly reduced the risk of preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension in Ecuadorian women. Lower calcium intake was observed in women with preeclampsia, highlighting its importance during pregnancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a significant complication of pregnancy.
  • Dietary calcium intake in the Andean Ecuadorian population is below US recommendations.
  • Lower calcium intake is associated with preeclampsia incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of calcium supplementation on pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia.
  • To assess the impact of 2 g/day elemental calcium on nulliparous women under 25 years old.

Main Methods:

  • Three prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted.
  • Participants were nulliparous, under 25 years old, with early prenatal visits, residing in Quito, and normotensive.
  • Calcium supplementation (2 g/day) was administered and compared to placebo.

Main Results:

  • Calcium supplementation reduced the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia.
  • Supplementation increased serum ionized calcium concentrations.
  • Women with preeclampsia exhibited decreased serum ionized calcium levels.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium supplementation is effective in reducing preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
  • Ionic calcium plays a crucial role in endothelial function and vasoactive substance synthesis.
  • Altered nitric oxide action, possibly due to inflammation, may contribute to preeclampsia.

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