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Epidemic of coeliac disease in Swedish children

A Ivarsson1, L A Persson, L Nyström

  • 1Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, Sweden. Anneli.Ivarsson@epiph.umu.se

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|March 10, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Trends in childhood coeliac disease (an autoimmune disorder) showed a fourfold increase in incidence from 1985-1987, followed by a sharp decline. Infant feeding practices may be linked to this epidemic pattern.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coeliac disease (an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten) is a growing public health concern.
  • Understanding trends and potential causes is crucial for public health strategies.
  • Previous research has suggested links between infant feeding and coeliac disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence trends of symptomatic coeliac disease in Swedish children between 1973 and 1997.
  • To investigate potential temporal relationships between coeliac disease occurrence and changes in infant dietary patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Established a population-based prospective incidence register for coeliac disease in 1991, including retrospective data from 1973.
  • Collected national yearly data on breastfeeding duration, gluten-containing cereal intake, and gluten introduction recommendations for infants.
  • Analyzed 2151 confirmed coeliac disease cases.

Main Results:

  • A fourfold increase in annual coeliac disease incidence was observed in children under 2 years old from 1985-1987 (200-240 cases/100,000 person-years).
  • Following this peak, incidence sharply declined from 1995 onwards to previous levels (50-60 cases/100,000 person-years).
  • This epidemic pattern is unique for a chronic immunological disease, suggesting potential for prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Observed coeliac disease epidemic patterns are consistent with changes in infant feeding practices.
  • Key factors may include the amount of gluten, age of introduction, and concurrent breastfeeding status.
  • Further research is needed to identify all contributing factors for intensified prevention efforts.

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