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Contact dynamics during keratocyte motility.

K I Anderson1, R Cross

  • 1Marie Curie Cancer Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, RH8 0TL, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|March 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Keratocyte cells use contractile forces to move. New research reveals how cell contacts grow and slide, influencing motility and cell shape, particularly in the cell lobes.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cytoskeleton dynamics

Background:

  • Keratocytes are specialized cells known for rapid locomotion and significant contractile force generation.
  • Contractile forces are hypothesized to play roles in cell body transport, adhesion regulation, and rear-edge retraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of cell-substrate contacts in keratocytes.
  • To understand how these contacts contribute to cell motility and shape.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous confocal fluorescence and interference reflection microscopy.
  • Imaging of keratocytes microinjected with fluorescent vinculin.

Main Results:

  • Cell contacts form behind the leading edge and grow under the lamellipodium and cell body.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Contacts in the cell's middle are stationary, while those in the lobes grow rapidly, incorporate more vinculin, and slide inwards.
  • Contact sliding can lead to merging before detachment from the substrate.

    • Conclusions:

    • A model synthesizing existing theories of keratocyte motility is proposed, involving actin reorientation and sliding filaments.
    • Contact dynamics differ between the cell's middle and lobes, influencing network contraction and tension.
    • Laterally opposed contractile forces promote contact stability but eventually lead to detachment at the cell rear.