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[Small fiber dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies].

S Santiago1, M L Espinosa, M C Pérez-Conde

  • 1Laboratorio de SNA, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, España.

Revista De Neurologia
|March 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Small-fiber neuropathy involves damage to thin myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, causing sensory and autonomic symptoms. Increased diagnostic techniques improve recognition of this condition in various diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Context:

  • Small-fiber neuropathy can manifest as isolated or concurrent lesions with large-myelinated fibers.
  • It presents with distinct autonomic and sensory deficits, notably thermo-algesic impairments.

Purpose:

  • To explore the diagnostic significance and clinical manifestations of small-fiber neuropathy.
  • To highlight the role of small-fiber dysfunction in various neurological and systemic diseases.

Summary:

  • Small-fiber neuropathy affects thin myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, leading to sensory and autonomic symptoms.
  • It is observed in acute conditions like Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic idiopathic cases, with increasing diagnoses due to advanced techniques.
  • Prominent in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, paraneoplastic syndromes, and porphyria, it also impacts pure autonomic failure and requires evaluation in orthostatic intolerance.

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Impact:

  • Advances in diagnostic techniques enhance the identification of chronic idiopathic small-fiber neuropathy.
  • Understanding small-fiber dysfunction is crucial for diagnosing and managing diverse neurological disorders, including those affecting the autonomic nervous system.
  • Recognizing small-fiber involvement aids in differential diagnosis, distinguishing conditions like pure autonomic failure from multisystem atrophy.