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Herpes simplex virus infection in a paediatric burn patient: case report and review
1Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Insights
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is common in burn patients, especially children, often reactivating due to immunosuppression. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with IV Acyclovir are crucial for recovery and preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Burn Care
- Virology
Background:
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are frequently observed in burn patients.
- Immunosuppression associated with burns often triggers latent HSV reactivation, though primary infections can occur.
Observation:
- Children with significant burns, particularly head and neck, are most susceptible.
- Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic shedding to fever, vesicles, and rare systemic dissemination.
- Healing wounds and donor sites are particularly vulnerable to HSV infection.
Findings:
- Laboratory diagnosis involves direct viral detection or serological antibody titer rise.
- Intravenous Acyclovir, diligent wound care, and infection control are key treatment strategies.
Implications:
- Early recognition and management of HSV in burn patients are vital.
- Effective treatment can prevent severe complications like systemic multiorgan infection.
- Preventing nosocomial spread is essential in managing HSV in this vulnerable population.
Abstract:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the burn patient is thought to occur relatively frequently. Most commonly, children with significant burns, particularly involving the head and neck, are affected. Burn related immunosuppression is thought to allow reactivation of latent HSV in most cases, although primary HSV infection has been recognized. Clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic viral shedding, to prolonged fever with eruption of vesicles, to rare cases of systemic visceral dissemination. Healing partial thickness wounds and donor sites are most prone to infection. Laboratory confirmation of HSV infection relies on direct demonstration of the virus and/or observation of a rise in antibody titer. Treatment of an established HSV infection includes use of IV Acyclovir, meticulous wound care, and efforts to prevent nosocomial spread. The vast majority of cases resolve without sequelae unless complicated by systemic, multiorgan HSV infection.