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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces
12:04

A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces

Published on: March 1, 2017

Tissue specific expression of Yrk kinase: implications for differentiation and inflammation.

M Martins-Green1, J L Bixby, T Yamamoto

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA. mmgreen@ucrac1.ucr.edu

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|March 15, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The Yrk kinase, a member of the Src family, is expressed in developing neuronal and epithelial cells, and in immune cells like macrophages. Its activity correlates with inflammation, suggesting roles in cell development and injury response.

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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

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Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter
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Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter

Published on: March 27, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces
12:04

A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces

Published on: March 1, 2017

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

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Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter
11:32

Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter

Published on: March 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The Src family of proto-oncogenes comprises highly conserved non-receptor tyrosine kinases.
  • Yrk is a recently identified member of this Src family.
  • Understanding Yrk's expression patterns and functions is crucial for comprehending its biological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of the Yrk protein in various chicken tissues during development and post-hatching.
  • To correlate observed Yrk expression patterns with potential functional roles.
  • To explore Yrk's involvement in cellular processes like migration, differentiation, and immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Yrk protein expression in different chicken tissues using immunohistochemistry.
  • Examination of Yrk expression in neuronal and epithelial cells, including specific cell types like Purkinje cells and stomach epithelium.
  • Investigation of Yrk expression in hematopoietic cell lines and during experimentally induced inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Yrk protein is predominantly found in neuronal cells (Purkinje cells, brain-stem, retinal ganglion cells) and epithelial cells (stomach), with distinct developmental expression changes in other epithelia.
  • Expression patterns in neurons suggest roles in neurites and growth cones.
  • Significant Yrk levels were detected in monocytes and macrophages, with kinase activity increasing during inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Yrk plays potential roles in cell migration and differentiation during neuronal and epithelial development.
  • Yrk may contribute to maintaining the differentiated phenotype of epithelial cells.
  • Yrk kinase activity is elevated during inflammation, indicating a possible role in inflammatory processes and injury response.