[Ambulatory skin grafting in leg ulcers: a feasibility study of 34 patients]

Despite the advent of modern dressings, management of leg ulcers remains a long costly process, particularly if no etiological treatment is possible. Autologous skin grafting is more and more widely used in this indication. The aim of this open single center noncomparative study was to analyze the feasibility of ambulatory procedures for skin grafting and the incidence of ambulatory care in a medical nursing clinic as an alternative to traditional hospitalization on total cost in this pathological condition.

Thirty-nine grafts were performed in 34 consecutive patients. No selection was made for etiology or duration of the leg ulcers. Three grafting techniques were used after debridement-cleansing: flap grafts for medium sized ulcers (29 cases), mesh grafts for large ulcers (6 cases) and patch grafts for small ulcers or ulcers with irregular contours (4 cases). The dressing was opened on day 5, nursing care was provided every 2 days and daily in case of infection. Percentage of healing was evaluated clinically on days 5, 15 and 30 then at months 3, 6 and 12. Photographs were taken.

Four patients were lost to follow-up and one died. Among the 34 grafts assessed at 6 months, we obtained total healing in 56 p. 100, 75 p. 100 healing in 6 p. 100, 50 p. 100 healing in 9 p. 100 and failure in 29 p. 100. Healing rates were those expected for arterial ulcers and necrotic angiodermas. For venous leg ulcers, the rate of total healing was only 30 p. 100 at 6 months and 43 p. 100 at 1 year. Outcome depended on duration of the lesion and not on the type of skin graft or patient age.

This prospective study reports outcome of ambulatory skin grafting in a large representative sample of patients with leg ulcers of various etiologies. The less favorable outcome for venous ulcers can be explained by the duration of the ulcerations and infection in these often neglected lesions. The risk of graft displacement, contact eczema, and infection must be recognized for early treatment. There were no cases with general complications. This ambulatory technique has the enormous advantage of limiting the risk of hospital-related problems in this elderly population and of reducing overall cost of care for leg ulcers, and finally of limiting the risk of recurrence by regular post-graft follow-up in a specialized center and by treatment of the causal disease.