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DNA arrays: technology, options and toxicological applications
1Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, NC 27711, USA. rockett.john@epa.gov
Summary
DNA array technology helps understand gene expression and its link to human diversity and disease. This powerful tool aids in identifying environmental toxicants and their effects on organisms.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Toxicology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The human genome comprises billions of DNA bases and thousands of genes, with variations contributing to diversity and disease.
- Understanding gene expression profiles is crucial for assessing adverse effects of environmental toxicants.
- DNA array technology has advanced, becoming accessible and affordable for research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review DNA array technology, its production, and applications.
- To explore the use of DNA arrays in understanding molecular mechanisms of toxicant exposure.
- To highlight the potential of whole-genome arrays in toxicological research.
Main Methods:
- Discussion of DNA array technology development and refinement.
- Overview of different DNA array designs, from membrane-based filters to glass-based chips.
- Exploration of genome-wide expression analysis capabilities.
Main Results:
- DNA arrays offer a way to study gene expression profiles in response to stimuli.
- Whole-genome arrays are emerging for mammalian systems, similar to lower organisms.
- The technology is poised to become a powerful tool in environmental and pharmaceutical science.
Conclusions:
- DNA arrays are essential for defining genotype expression profiles.
- This technology enables elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying organismal responses to toxicants.
- DNA arrays present significant potential for identifying and characterizing toxicants.