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Sorting proteins to their target membranes.

D Brown1, S Breton

  • 1Renal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA. brown@receptor.mgh.harvard.edu

Kidney International
|March 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Epithelial cell polarity relies on precise protein and lipid targeting to plasma membranes. Defects in this protein trafficking can lead to "sorting disorders" and disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Epithelial cell function depends on polarized distribution of proteins and lipids in plasma membrane domains.
  • This polarized distribution is crucial for vectorial transport across epithelial barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms ensuring directed movement and delivery of membrane components.
  • To discuss the implications of protein targeting and trafficking defects in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on protein targeting, trafficking, and sorting mechanisms.
  • Discussion of protein structural motifs (e.g., PDZ, NPXY) and accessory proteins involved.
  • Examination of cytoskeletal elements (microtubules, microfilaments) and chaperone roles.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Multiple mechanisms, including specific protein sequences, accessory proteins, and cytoskeleton, regulate protein trafficking.
  • Protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential.
  • Homologs of proteins involved in neurotransmitter release are implicated in general vesicle fusion.

Conclusions:

  • Defective protein targeting and trafficking lead to "sorting disorders," resulting in abnormal protein delivery to the cell surface.
  • These disorders can manifest as intracellular retention and degradation or failure of surface delivery upon stimulation.