The role of integrins in reproduction

Fertilization, implantation, and placentation are dynamic cellular events that require not only synchrony between the maternal environment and the embryo, but also complex cell-to-cell communication. This communication involves integrins, a large family of proteins involved in the attachment, migration, invasion, and control of cellular function. Over the past decade, investigators have learned that integrins participate in multiple reproductive events including fertilization, implantation, and placentation in many species. This review will describe: (i) the expression of integrins on gametes and during the establishment and development of the placenta; (ii) regulatory pathways for controlling expression of integrins in the uterus and developing placenta; (iii) the function of integrins as determined by null-mutations; and (iv) reproductive dysfunction in women related to inappropriate integrin expression in the uterus and/or placenta.