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Macrolide resistance genes in Enterococcus spp.

A Portillo1, F Ruiz-Larrea, M Zarazaga

  • 1Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|March 18, 2000
PubMed
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The study identified the ermB and ermA macrolide resistance genes in highly erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus species. A novel efflux gene, msrC, was discovered in Enterococcus faecium, independent of resistance levels.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Enterococcus species are significant human pathogens.
  • Macrolide antibiotics are crucial for treating bacterial infections.
  • Emergence of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus poses a public health threat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of macrolide resistance genes in various Enterococcus species.
  • To characterize the genetic basis of erythromycin resistance in Enterococcus.
  • To identify novel macrolide resistance determinants in Enterococcus faecium.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermTR, mefA/E, msrA).
  • Erythromycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined for 78 Enterococcus isolates.

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  • Sequencing was performed on PCR products to identify novel resistance genes.

    • Main Results:

    • The ermB gene was detected in 39 of 40 highly erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates.
    • The ermA gene was found in one highly resistant E. faecium isolate.
    • A novel efflux gene, msrC, was identified in all E. faecium isolates, regardless of erythromycin resistance phenotype.

    Conclusions:

    • The ermB and ermA genes are major contributors to high-level erythromycin resistance in Enterococcus.
    • The newly identified msrC gene represents a potential mechanism for macrolide resistance in E. faecium.
    • Further research is needed to understand the role and spread of msrC in Enterococcus populations.