Telepathology and imaging spectroscopy as a new modality in histopathology

Telemedicine started in the late 1950's by transmitting data on patients' pulse and heart rates. In the 1980's it expanded to radiology and orthopedics. The technology is now expanding to other specialties that can digitally gather patient data. Telepathology comprises the transmission of microscopic images via telecommunication network. Image compression and multiplexing technologies enabled high-resolution telepathology as well as real-time video consultations over international telephone lines. Organ transplantation has become a viable treatment and offers new life to an increasing number of patients suffering from chronic end stage diseases and from irreversible organ failure. Rejection is still a major problem in kidney, liver, and heart transplantation. To gain further insight into the complex interactions within the components of the immune system, it has become increasingly necessary to develop rapid and simple methods to monitor the status of the immune system in patients. Clinical signs suggest organ rejection and abnormal laboratory test results, but only histological signs on biopsy specimens are adequately specific. The financial cost of organ transplant makes it imperative to develop tools for the early identification and treatment of organ rejection. An increasingly sensitive and accurate way of localizing key structures and abnormalities is through spectroscopy of either H&E stained samples or with a fluorescent tag (fluorophore) or by relying on natural fluorescence. The system is based on a unique Prism and Mirror Imaging Spectroscopy System ("PARISS), spectrometer originally designed and implemented for remote Earth monitoring from space and aircraft and astronomical imaging spectroscopy. Compact and lightweight both the mirror and prism are presently constructed in inexpensive glass but can also be injection molded in plastic. Any number of vendors anywhere in the world can produce all parts of the assembly. This greatly enhances the chances of future commercial viability. The Interactive Histopathology Consultation Network INTERPATH (PL961121) project integrated of remote control imaging microscopy system, imaging spectroscopy, and communication networks called SPECTROMIC. This telepethology unit will be a useful tool in the Regional and International Integrated Telemedicine Network for Medical Assistance in End Stage Diseases and Organ Transplant, RETRANSPLANT HC 4028 (HC) & IN 4028 (HC).