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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
Published on: May 31, 2016
Expression and function of PPARgamma in rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells
1Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Background:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is activated by fatty acids, eicosanoids, and insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones (TZDs). The TZD troglitazone (TRO) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in vitro and in postinjury intimal hyperplasia.
Methods And Results:
Rat and human VSMCs express mRNA and nuclear receptors for PPARgamma1. Three PPARgamma ligands, the TZDs TRO and rosiglitazone and the prostanoid 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), all inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration. PPARgamma is upregulated in rat neointima at 7 days and 14 days after balloon injury and is also present in early human atheroma and precursor lesions.
Conclusions:
Pharmacological activation of PPARgamma expressed in VSMCs inhibits their proliferation and migration, potentially limiting restenosis and atherosclerosis. These receptors are upregulated during vascular injury.
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