Polymorphonuclear leukocytes modulate tissue factor production by mononuclear cells: role of reactive oxygen species

To determine whether polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) modulate the production of tissue factor (TF) by monocytes, PBMC were incubated with increasing concentrations of PMN. PMN did not express any procoagulant activity. After 20-h cocultures, PMN enhanced or inhibited the TF production of PBMC, and this effect depended on the PMN/PBMC ratio. When the ratio increased from 1/1000 to 1/5, without or with LPS, the TF activity of PBMC increased to peak at 2.5-fold the baseline value (p < 0.01). The TF Ag and TF mRNA also increased. This potentiating effect was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by PMN during the coculture; it did not require direct cell contact between PMN and PBMC, it was enhanced when PMN were stimulated by fMLP (a chemotactic peptide), and it was inhibited by two antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. In contrast, when the PMN/PBMC ratio was further increased from 1/2 to 2/1, the PBMC TF activity, Ag, and mRNA decreased and were inhibited compared with those of PBMC cultured alone (p < 0.01). This inhibitory effect required direct cell contact between PMN and PBMC, and it was not due to a PMN-mediated cytotoxicity. To confirm the role of ROS, H2O2 enhanced then inhibited the TF activity of PBMC in a dose-dependent manner, similarly to PMN. Thus, PMN may play an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis by exerting concentration-dependent regulatory effects on the TF production by PBMC via the release of ROS.