Monoamines and sleep: microdialysis findings in pons and amygdala

This is the first microdialysis report comparing concentrations (pg/microliter) of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) derived from feline locus ceruleus complex (LC) and amygdala. NE and 5-HT declined progressively from waking to slow-wave-sleep (SWS) and then to rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Concentrations of DA did not change at either collection site across the sleep-wake cycle. We conclude that release of NE and 5-HT release modulates physiologic components related to the sleep-wake cycle, but DA does not.