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[Controlled viral risks].

F Barin1

  • 1Unité de virologie transfusionnelle, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, Paris, France.

Transfusion Clinique Et Biologique : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Transfusion Sanguine
|March 24, 2000
PubMed
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Blood donor screening has significantly reduced viral markers like HIV, HTLV, HBs Ag, and HCV. Nucleic Acid Technology (NAT) further minimizes residual risk, enhancing blood transfusion safety.

Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Serological screening methods have progressively lowered the prevalence of viral markers in blood donations.
  • Prevalence rates in 1998 showed significant detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections despite implemented screening measures.
  • To evaluate the impact of new technologies like Nucleic Acid Technology (NAT) on blood safety.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of virological marker prevalence in blood donors.
  • Calculation of residual risk for major transfusion-transmissible viruses (HIV, HTLV, HCV, HBV) during the window period.
  • Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Technology (NAT) and leucodepletion effectiveness.

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Main Results:

  • Significant decrease in viral marker prevalence attributed to serological screening.
  • Residual risk for HIV, HCV, and HBV was found to be very low, with HTLV risk at zero during 1996-1998.
  • NAT implementation confirmed very low residual risk; leucodepletion reduced transmission of leucotropic viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Current screening methods and emerging technologies like NAT have drastically improved blood safety.
  • Genetic diversity of viruses impacts screening assay efficiency, necessitating ongoing evaluation.
  • Advanced purification and inactivation procedures enhance the safety of plasma-derived medicinal products.