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Calcaneal loading during walking and running.

V L Giddings1, G S Beaupré, R T Whalen

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, CA, USA. vgiddings@exponent.com

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|March 24, 2000
PubMed
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This study quantifies calcaneal stresses during walking and running using a finite element model. High forces occur late in stance phase, aligning with bone structure.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Understanding calcaneal loading is crucial for diagnosing and treating foot injuries.
  • Previous studies often relied on simplified models or indirect measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate in vivo calcaneal stresses during walking and running.
  • To correlate experimentally measured kinematic and kinetic data with a numerical model.
  • To assess forces acting on the calcaneus during gait.

Main Methods:

  • Collected ground reaction forces (GRF) and kinematic data during walking and running.
  • Utilized cineradiography and force plate measurements.
  • Developed a contact-coupled finite element model of the foot.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline MusculoskeletalNASA Program Biomedical Research and Countermeasures

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Peak talocalcaneal and calcaneocuboid joint loads reached 5.4 and 4.2 body weights (BW) during walking, and 11.1 and 7.9 BW during running.
  • Maximum Achilles tendon forces were 3.9 BW (walking) and 7.7 BW (running).
  • Force-time profiles correlated with ankle joint moments.

Conclusions:

  • Significant calcaneal stresses occur late in the stance phase (around 60-70%).
  • Maximum loads during gait align with calcaneal trabecular architecture.
  • The model provides insights into in vivo foot biomechanics.