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The orbitofrontal cortex and reward.

E T Rolls1

  • 1University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK. edmund.rolls@psy.ox.ac.uk

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 24, 2000
PubMed
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The orbitofrontal cortex processes taste, smell, and touch reward values. It learns and adapts associations between stimuli and rewards or punishments, crucial for behavior control.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is key in processing sensory information and its associated reward value.
  • It integrates taste, olfactory, and visual stimuli, linking them to primary reinforcers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in representing primary reinforcers and learning stimulus-reinforcement associations.
  • To understand the OFC's function in behavioral control related to rewards and punishments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of primate studies on orbitofrontal cortex function.
  • Analysis of human neuroimaging studies investigating OFC activation.
  • Examination of effects of OFC damage on learning and behavioral correction.

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Main Results:

  • The OFC represents the reward value of tastes and odors.
  • Neurons in the OFC learn and reverse associations between visual stimuli and primary reinforcers.
  • Human neuroimaging confirms OFC activation by pleasant/aversive touch, taste, and odors.
  • OFC damage impairs stimulus-reinforcement association learning and reversal.

Conclusions:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex decodes and represents primary reinforcers like taste and touch.
  • It is critical for learning and reversing stimulus-reinforcer associations.
  • The OFC controls and corrects behavior related to rewards and punishments, influencing emotion.