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[Leukocytes in human seminal fluid].

R Stanislavov

    Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
    |March 29, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary

    White blood cells (WBC) in semen, particularly granulocytes, are linked to male infertility and reduced sperm quality. High WBC counts (leukocytospermia) negatively impact sperm function and in vitro fertilization success rates.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Urology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • White blood cells (WBC) are present in semen, with granulocytes being the most common type.
    • Leukocytospermia, defined as > 10^6 WBC/ml, affects 29% of male infertility patients.
    • Semen analysis typically uses immunocytology for WBC detection, though peroxidase methods suffice for granulocyte quantification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role of white blood cells in semen.
    • To highlight the association between leukocytospermia and male infertility.
    • To discuss the impact of WBC on sperm function and IVF outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on WBC in semen.
    • Analysis of prevalence data for leukocytospermia in infertile men.
    • Examination of evidence linking WBC to sperm damage and infertility.

    Main Results:

    • Granulocytes constitute 50-60% of seminal WBC, followed by macrophages (20-30%) and T-lymphocytes (2-5%).
    • Leukocytospermia is associated with lower sperm counts, impaired motility, and reduced IVF-ET success.
    • Most leukocytospermic samples (80%) are microbiologically negative, suggesting non-infectious inflammatory causes.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated seminal WBC counts are a significant indicator of male infertility and poor sperm function.
    • Inflammation, potentially triggered by factors like Chlamydia trachomatis, contributes to leukocytospermia and sperm antibody formation.
    • WBC presence in semen is a critical factor affecting reproductive outcomes and requires careful evaluation.

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