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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Structural differences between foot-and-mouth disease and poliomyelitis viruses influence their inactivation by

T Burrage1, E Kramer, F Brown

  • 1USDA, ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.

Vaccine
|March 30, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Ethyleneimine (EI) and N-acetylethyleneimine (AEI) inactivate foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and poliovirus. Poliovirus inactivation by AEI depends on temperature and ionic strength, linked to changes in particle diameter.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and poliovirus are significant human and animal pathogens.
  • Ethyleneimine (EI) and N-acetylethyleneimine (AEI) are chemical agents with potential virucidal applications.
  • Understanding virus inactivation mechanisms is crucial for developing effective antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the inactivation kinetics of FMDV and poliovirus by EI and AEI under varying temperature and ionic conditions.
  • To elucidate the structural basis for differential inactivation rates, particularly for poliovirus.
  • To correlate virus particle structural changes with inactivation susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Virus inactivation assays were performed using FMDV and poliovirus treated with EI and AEI at 25°C and 37°C in different Tris buffer concentrations (1 mM, 10 mM, 100 mM).
  • Electron microscopy (phosphotungstic acid staining) was employed to visualize virus particle morphology and measure particle diameter.
  • Reversibility of structural changes was assessed by altering buffer ionic strength.

Main Results:

  • FMDV was rapidly inactivated by both EI and AEI under all tested conditions.
  • Poliovirus inactivation by EI was rapid, but inactivation by AEI was temperature and ionic strength-dependent.
  • Electron microscopy revealed that poliovirus particle diameter increased with decreasing ionic strength and increasing temperature, correlating with enhanced AEI penetrability and inactivation. FMDV showed less sensitivity to ionic strength changes.

Conclusions:

  • Poliovirus structural integrity, specifically particle diameter, is sensitive to temperature and ionic strength, influencing its susceptibility to AEI inactivation.
  • AEI inactivation of poliovirus is facilitated by increased particle permeability at higher temperatures and lower ionic strengths.
  • FMDV exhibits greater structural stability and is less affected by osmotic variations compared to poliovirus.

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