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Related Experiment Videos

Selective accumulation may account for shellfish-associated viral illness.

W Burkhardt1, K R Calci

  • 1U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158, USA. Wburkhar@cfsan.fda.gov

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|April 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Oysters accumulate more viruses in winter, explaining seasonal shellfish illness outbreaks. This study highlights how oyster physiology impacts public health during peak seasons for gastrointestinal illness.

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Food microbiology·2006

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Environmental health
  • Food safety

Background:

  • Shellfish-related illnesses, often caused by enteric viruses like Norwalk-like viruses, are a significant public health concern.
  • A high percentage of these illnesses are linked to oyster consumption, particularly from the Gulf Coast during winter months (November-January).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the accumulation of various indicator microorganisms by eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from estuarine waters.
  • To determine if seasonal trends in indicator organism accumulation correlate with the occurrence of shellfish-related gastrointestinal illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted one-week trials over a 1-year period to assess oyster accumulation of fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and F(+) coliphage.

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  • Measured concentration factors for each indicator organism to understand oyster's microbial uptake capabilities throughout the year.

    • Main Results:

    • Eastern oysters demonstrated preferential accumulation of F(+) coliphage, a viral surrogate, with peak levels observed from late November through January (up to 99-fold concentration).
    • No similar seasonal increases in the accumulation of fecal coliforms, E. coli, or C. perfringens were observed.
    • The findings indicate a distinct seasonal pattern in viral particle accumulation by oysters, not mirrored by bacterial indicators.

    Conclusions:

    • Seasonal physiological changes in oysters significantly influence their ability to accumulate enteric viruses from estuarine environments.
    • This selective viral accumulation by oysters is a contributing factor to the seasonal patterns of shellfish-related gastrointestinal illnesses.