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Nanotechnology in bio/clinical analysis.

G Guetens¹, K Van Cauwenberghe, G De Boeck

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium.

Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications

|April 1, 2000

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Nanotechnology enhances analytical chemistry by enabling single-cell analysis and advanced sample handling. This leads to attoliter-scale detection and zeptomole sensitivity for proteins and DNA adducts.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Nanotechnology
Biochemistry

Background:

Nanotechnology offers novel approaches for chemical analysis.
Current analytical methods face limitations in sensitivity and sample volume.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the application of nanotechnology in analytical chemistry.
To highlight advancements in single-cell analysis, chip technology, and sample handling.

Main Methods:

Utilizing optical trapping, capillary electrophoresis, and laser-induced fluorescence for secretory vesicle analysis.
Implementing chip-based technologies for genomics and proteomics.
Applying nanotechnology to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS).

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Main Results:

Attoliter volumes can be introduced into separation capillaries for analysis.
Chip technology accelerates genomic analyses and is crucial for RNA and peptide/protein studies.
Nanotechnology in LC-MS and CE-MS aids in studying DNA adducts from carcinogens and anticancer drugs.
Downscaled sample volumes achieve zeptomole detection limits for proteins.

Conclusions:

Nanotechnology significantly advances analytical chemistry, particularly in single-cell analysis and sensitive detection.
Chip technology and miniaturized sample handling are key areas of nanotechnology's impact.
These advancements facilitate deeper understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms.