Vagal circuitry mediating cephalic-phase responses to food

The dorsal vagal complex in the medulla oblongata is the hub of the central nervous system network that produces vagal cephalic-phase reflexes. The preganglionic motor neurons controlling these cephalic responses of digestion and metabolism are organized topographically in longitudinal columnar subnuclei in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Gustatory and other visceral afferent inputs project into different subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract capping the dorsal motor nucleus. Descending projections from more rostral stations of the neuroaxis project to the nuclei of the dorsal vagal complex, providing input both from exteroceptive senses, such as olfaction and vision, and from forebrain areas that modulate reflex strength. Recent structural analyses of the dorsal vagal complex, as well as characterizations of the region's inputs and neurochemistry, have provided a more complete understanding of the neural basis of cephalic-phase responses.