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Thyroid function.

J R Arthur1, G J Beckett

  • 1Division of Micronutrient and Lipid Metabolism, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.

British Medical Bulletin
|April 4, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid health relies on trace elements like iodine and selenium for hormone synthesis and metabolism. Deficiencies in iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, or copper can negatively impact thyroid function and hormone balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism require various trace elements.
  • Iodine is a critical component of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and T3).
  • Iodine deficiency is a widespread global health concern affecting billions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the essential roles of trace elements in thyroid function.
  • To highlight the impact of iodine and selenium on thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • To discuss the effects of iron, zinc, and copper on thyroid health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of trace element roles in thyroidology.
  • Analysis of biochemical pathways involving thyroid hormones and trace elements.

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  • Synthesis of current understanding on nutrient-impacted thyroid function.

    • Main Results:

    • Iodine is indispensable for thyroid hormone structure.
    • Selenium is vital for activating and deactivating thyroid hormones (T3) via deiodinases.
    • Selenium compounds (selenoperoxidases, thioredoxin reductase) protect the thyroid gland.
    • Iron, zinc, and copper also influence thyroid hormone metabolism, though roles are less defined.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal thyroid status is contingent upon adequate intake of multiple trace elements.
    • Iodine and selenium play critical, well-defined roles in thyroid hormone homeostasis.
    • Suboptimal levels of iron, zinc, and copper can disrupt thyroid hormone metabolism, necessitating further research.