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Human body composition: in vivo methods.

K J Ellis1

  • 1Body Composition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. kellis@bcm.tmc.edu

Physiological Reviews
|April 4, 2000
PubMed
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This review details in vivo human body composition methods, comparing their physiological basis and indirect measurements. It links techniques to multicompartment models, aiding understanding of current research and reference data.

Area of Science:

  • Human biology
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • In vivo methods for human body composition analysis are continuously evolving.
  • Advanced reference models are being developed alongside these technologies.
  • Methods range from well-established with strong physiological underpinnings to more indirect approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and structure in vivo human body composition methods from a methodological perspective.
  • To clarify what can be assessed with each technique.
  • To describe associations between various methods and multicompartment models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging in vivo body composition techniques.
  • Densitometry, dilution, bioelectrical impedance and conductance, whole body counting, neutron activation, X-ray absorptiometry, computer tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.

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  • Comparison of methods against the five-level multicompartment model of body composition.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed description of the advantages and limitations of each in vivo method.
    • Explanation of how different methods relate to the multicompartment model.
    • Presentation of reference body composition data across different age groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the methodological basis of in vivo techniques is crucial for accurate body composition assessment.
    • Each method has unique strengths and weaknesses influencing its application.
    • The field provides essential reference data for human biology research across the lifespan.