Functional and morphological modifications of the urinary bladder in aging female rats

In female Wistar/Rij rats, 10 and 30 mo old, the micturition profiles in conscious animals, the contractile responses of the isolated urinary bladder, and the histology of the vesical tissue have been investigated. During cystomanometry, 60% of conscious senescent rats, but only 25% of young adult rats, showed spontaneous contractions during the bladder-filling phase. In aging rats, micturition pressure and duration of micturition were significantly higher by approximately 40-50%. In contrast, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, micturition volume, and residual volume were not modified with age. In vitro, the contractile responses of the bladder body to KCl, carbachol, arecoline, and alpha,beta-MeATP were similar in tissues from young adult and senescent rats. In contrast, maximum responses to noradrenaline, but not phenylephrine, were two times greater in the older rats. Isoprenaline exhibited the same potency in relaxing KCl-precontracted bladder body of 10- and 30-mo-old animals. Morphometric analysis showed a significant increase in the mean thickness of the muscularis layer with age, whereas the collagen density significantly decreased in the muscularis and in the lamina propria layers. The fact that the majority of senescent rats displayed bladder instability and increased response to alpha-adrenergic agonists suggests that this strain of rat seems a good model for the aged human. However, other characteristics of the aging human urinary tract (urinary frequency, decreased cystometric capacity, and decreased detrusor contractility associated with fibrosis) are not present.