Primary immunodeficiencies of horses

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Immunology
• Equine Medicine
• Genetics

Background:

• Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are inherited conditions impairing immune function.
• Horses with PIDs are highly susceptible to recurrent and severe infections.
• Standard treatments may be ineffective for horses with underlying PIDs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the key features of equine PIDs.
• To summarize the molecular basis of these disorders.
• To provide updated diagnostic and management information for veterinarians.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of equine primary immunodeficiency disorders.
• Analysis of genetic and molecular mechanisms.
• Synthesis of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Detailed descriptions of various equine PIDs are presented.
• Molecular pathways underlying immune defects are elucidated.
• Clinical signs, diagnostic approaches, and management options are updated.

Conclusions:

• Clinicians should consider PIDs in horses with chronic or recurrent infections.
• Increased awareness and diagnostic capabilities can improve outcomes for affected horses.
• Further research into equine PIDs is warranted.