[Long-term results of reconstructive surgery for mitral insufficiency]

Surgical repair is the procedure of choice for mitral insufficiency since it preserves better left ventricular structure and function.

To assess the long term clinical and echocardiographic results of mitral valve reconstructive surgery.

A review of clinical and echocardiographic data of 68 patients (34 male, age range 17 to 82 years), subjected to surgical mitral valve repair between December 1991 and March 1998. Preoperative functional capacity of these patients was 2.96 +/- 0.7. Surgical repair was assessed using transesophagic echocardiography in all subjects.

The etiology of mitral insufficiency was degenerative in 43 patients, rheumatic in 10, infectious in 6, ischemic in 5 and miscellaneous in 4. The most frequent pathological findings were dilatation of the mitral ring in 42% of patients, chordae tendinae rupture in 32% and enlargement in 24%. A mitral anuloplasty was done in 90% of patients, a cuadrilateral resection of posterior leaflet in 52% and chordae tendinae transference in 12%. An additional surgical procedure was done in 34% of subjects. Three patients died during hospitalization (4.4%). During the follow up of 36.5 +/- 22.3 months, five patients died and one required a mitral valve replacement. The actuarial survival probability was 95.3 +/- 2.6% at one year and 83.5 +/- 6.5% at five years. The reoperation free survival was 100% at one year and 97.4 +/- 2.5% at five years. At the end of follow up the functional capacity improved to 1.25 +/- 0.4. Echocardiography showed absence of mitral insufficiency in 48.4% of patients, minimal, mild and moderate insufficiency in 35.5, 14.5 and 1.6% of patients respectively.

Surgical valve reconstruction in mitral insufficiency has satisfactory long term results and should be the procedure of choice for eligible patients.