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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: January 9, 2019

The AllHear Cochlear Implant and Tinnitus.

Fukuda¹, Albernaz

¹Departmnent of Otolaryngology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

The International Tinnitus Journal

|February 7, 2001

Summary

AllHear cochlear implants effectively reduced tinnitus in most deaf patients. Four out of five cases showed significant improvement, demonstrating the device

Area of Science:

Otorhinolaryngology
Audiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Tinnitus is a common and often debilitating condition.
Cochlear implants are primarily used for hearing restoration in deaf individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of AllHear cochlear implants in managing tinnitus in deaf patients.
To explore the relationship between cochlear implant use and tinnitus reduction.

Main Methods:

A case series involving five deaf patients with tinnitus who received AllHear cochlear implants.
Clinical observation and patient-reported outcomes regarding tinnitus severity and impact.

Main Results:

Four out of five patients experienced a significant reduction in tinnitus.

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Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

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Published on: January 9, 2019

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

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One case reported tinnitus potentially exacerbated by electrical stimulation.

Conclusions:

AllHear cochlear implants demonstrate a positive therapeutic effect on tinnitus in the majority of deaf patients.
Further investigation is warranted to understand the mechanisms and potential adverse effects of cochlear implants on tinnitus.