Molecular chaperones: containers and surfaces for folding, stabilising or unfolding proteins

Newly solved chaperone structures include the thermosome, a group II chaperonin, and a small heat-shock protein. Novel ideas on chaperone mechanism are presented in the forced unfolding hypothesis of GroEL action. Structures of chaperone-pilin complexes reveal the mechanism of chaperone interaction in bacterial pilus assembly and there have been major advances in understanding the structure and function of Hsp100 unfoldases.