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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication

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Induced fatigue effects on velopharyngeal closure force.

D P Kuehn¹, J B Moon

¹Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61820, USA. d-kuehn@uiuc.edu

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR

|April 11, 2000

Summary

This study induced velopharyngeal fatigue in healthy speakers using external air pressure loads. Higher loads generally increased fatigue rates, with some subjects reaching exhaustion.

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Area of Science:

Speech Science
Physiology
Biomechanics

Background:

Velopharyngeal closure is crucial for speech production.
Understanding velopharyngeal fatigue is important for diagnosing and treating speech disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of induced velopharyngeal fatigue in individuals with normal speech mechanisms.
To quantify the relationship between external loading and velopharyngeal fatigue rates.

Main Methods:

Utilized a force-sensing bulb and intramuscular electrodes to measure velopharyngeal closure force and muscle activation.
Subjects repeated the syllable /si/ under varying levels of external nasal air pressure (0-35 cm H2O).
Fatigue was quantified as the slope of linear regression fit to force data over syllable repetitions.

Main Results:

Induced velopharyngeal fatigue was achievable in most subjects.
Higher external air pressure loads (25 and 35 cm H2O) generally resulted in greater fatigue rates.
Two subjects (1 male, 1 female) reached exhaustion at higher pressure levels; three showed minimal fatigue.

Conclusions:

External loading can effectively induce velopharyngeal fatigue in healthy speakers.
Fatigue rates increase with higher external loads.
Individual variability in fatigue response exists, with no significant sex-based differences observed.