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Adult celiac disease and hypertransaminasemia.

F Múgica1, M J Aranzadi, M Recasens

  • 1Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Guipúzcoa, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España.

Revista Espanola De Enfermedades Digestivas
|April 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease frequently causes elevated liver enzymes (hypertransaminasemia). A gluten-free diet normalized transaminase levels in most patients within a year, indicating celiac disease as a key factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertransaminasemia, or elevated liver enzymes, can be associated with celiac disease.
  • The role of celiac disease in causing liver enzyme abnormalities, especially in adults, requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of hypertransaminasemia in adult celiac disease patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of a gluten-free diet on liver enzyme levels in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 20 adult celiac disease patients (>14 years old).
  • Included patients meeting revised EPSGAN criteria.
  • Investigated potential causes of liver function alterations including viral hepatitis, alcohol, drugs, and thyroid hormones; liver biopsy and ERCP were performed selectively.

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Main Results:

  • 50% of patients (10/20) presented with hypertransaminasemia.
  • Celiac disease was identified as the cause in 8 patients.
  • Transaminase levels normalized in 7 of these 8 patients within 4-10 months after initiating a gluten-free diet.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is a common cause of hypertransaminasemia in adults.
  • A gluten-free diet is effective in normalizing elevated liver enzymes in most celiac disease patients.
  • Persistent liver enzyme abnormalities warrant investigation for other related or unrelated conditions.