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A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, UK. anke.ehlers@psych.ox.ac.uk
Behaviour Research and Therapy
|April 13, 2000
Summary
A cognitive model explains why posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) persists. It suggests persistent PTSD stems from negative trauma appraisals and disturbed autobiographical memory, hindering recovery.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychiatry
Background:
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to trauma.
- While many recover, a subgroup experiences persistent symptoms for years.
- Understanding the mechanisms of PTSD persistence is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a cognitive model for the persistence of PTSD.
- To identify key factors contributing to the chronicity of PTSD symptoms.
- To provide a framework for therapeutic interventions targeting PTSD persistence.
Main Methods:
- The study proposes a cognitive model based on existing literature and clinical observations.
- It outlines specific cognitive and behavioral mechanisms maintaining PTSD.
- The model integrates theories of appraisal, memory, and emotional regulation.
Main Results:
- The model posits that persistent PTSD arises from processing trauma leading to a sense of current threat.
- This threat perception is linked to negative appraisals of the trauma and autobiographical memory disturbances (poor elaboration, strong association, perceptual priming).
- Problematic cognitive and behavioral strategies impede changes in appraisals and memory.
Conclusions:
- The proposed cognitive model aligns with core PTSD features and explains puzzling phenomena.
- It identifies three key targets for treatment: negative appraisals, memory disturbances, and maintaining strategies.
- Preliminary research offers initial support for the model's components.