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Related Experiment Videos

Phonological processing, not inhibitory control, differentiates ADHD and reading disability.

K L Purvis1, R Tannock

  • 1Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|April 13, 2000
PubMed
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) show distinct cognitive profiles, with phonological processing deficits in RD and inhibition issues in ADHD. Comorbidity is suggested, questioning inhibition as a unique ADHD marker.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Cognitive deficits in inhibition and phonological processing are proposed as core features of ADHD and RD, respectively.
  • The distinctiveness of these disorders and the independence of their proposed cognitive underpinnings require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the distinctiveness of ADHD and RD using a double dissociation design.
  • To test the independence of inhibitory control and phonological processing as cognitive domains central to ADHD and RD.
  • To clarify the cognitive profiles associated with ADHD, RD, and their comorbidity.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A 2x2 factorial design compared four groups of children (aged 7-11): ADHD, RD, ADHD+RD, and controls.
  • Two measures of inhibitory control and three phonological processing measures were administered.
  • Cognitive performance across groups was analyzed to identify specific deficits.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with RD (RD, ADHD+RD) showed significant impairments in phonological processing.
    • Children with ADHD (ADHD, ADHD+RD) exhibited deficits in inhibitory control tasks.
    • An unexpected effect of RD on one inhibition measure was observed.
    • The ADHD+RD group displayed additive deficits from both conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings challenge the notion of inhibitory control as a unique cognitive marker for ADHD.
    • The results support the concept of true comorbidity between ADHD and RD.
    • Distinct cognitive profiles for ADHD and RD are supported, with some overlap.