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Biomarkers in earthworms.

J J Scott-Fordsmand1, J M Weeks

  • 1National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Silkeborg, Denmark.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|April 13, 2000
PubMed
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Earthworms are vital key species, but face toxic anthropogenic compounds. This review assesses biomarkers in earthworms for effective ecotoxicological risk assessment and understanding chemical exposure effects.

Area of Science:

  • Ecotoxicology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Earthworms are key ecological species frequently exposed to anthropogenic compounds.
  • Their sensitivity necessitates ecotoxicological studies to assess chemical toxicity.
  • Biomarkers offer a sensitive measure of chemical bioavailability and effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and appraise potential biomarkers in earthworms for risk assessment.
  • To evaluate biomarkers for their suitability in estimating chemical exposure and effects.
  • To connect biomarker responses to ecological risk assessment requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of earthworm biomarkers.
  • Analysis of various biological responses including DNA alteration, protein induction, enzyme activity, and behavioral changes.

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  • Assessment of biomarkers against criteria for risk assessment applicability.

    • Main Results:

    • A wide array of biomarkers have been studied in earthworms, including molecular, enzymatic, and behavioral indicators.
    • Dose-response relationships were observed for some biomarkers and chemicals.
    • Limited data exists on linking biomarker responses to population/community level effects and the influence of environmental factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Biomarkers in earthworms show promise for ecotoxicological risk assessment by indicating bioactive chemical fractions.
    • Further research is needed to link biomarker responses to higher ecological levels and understand confounding factors.
    • Standardized biomarker application in earthworms can improve environmental risk assessment accuracy.