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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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No description available

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Models of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Genes, Mutations, and Chemicals Affecting Amyloid Beta Production by γ-Secretase

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Yeast Sm-like proteins function in mRNA decapping and decay.

S Tharun¹, W He, A E Mayes

¹Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.

|April 13, 2000

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Seven yeast Sm-like (Lsm) proteins are crucial for messenger RNA (mRNA) decapping, a key step in mRNA degradation. These Lsm proteins interact with the decapping machinery, suggesting a direct role in regulating mRNA decay pathways.

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Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains

Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains

Published on: December 13, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
RNA Metabolism
Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Background:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation is a critical process in eukaryotes, primarily occurring via deadenylation-dependent decapping followed by 5'-to-3' decay.
Sm-like (Lsm) proteins, characterized by the 'Sm' motif, are known to complex with U6 small nuclear RNA and are essential for pre-mRNA splicing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of yeast Lsm proteins in mRNA decapping and degradation.
To determine the interaction of Lsm proteins with components of the mRNA decapping machinery.

Main Methods:

Genetic analysis of yeast mutants lacking specific Lsm proteins (Lsm1-Lsm7).
Co-immunoprecipitation assays to detect protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions.
Analysis of mRNA decapping and degradation rates in wild-type and mutant yeast strains.

Main Results:

Mutations in yeast Lsm1-Lsm7 proteins resulted in the inhibition of mRNA decapping.
Lsm1-Lsm7 proteins were found to co-immunoprecipitate with the mRNA decapping enzyme (Dcp1), a decapping activator (Pat1/Mrt1), and mRNA.
Evidence suggests that Lsm proteins promote decapping through interactions with mRNA and the decapping machinery.

Conclusions:

Yeast Lsm1-Lsm7 proteins play a significant role in promoting mRNA decapping.
The Lsm complex involved in mRNA decay is distinct from the U6 small nuclear RNA-associated Lsm complex.
Lsm proteins form specific complexes that regulate different aspects of mRNA metabolism, including splicing and decay.