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Related Experiment Videos

Homocysteine.

J D Finkelstein1, J J Martin

  • 1VA Medical Center, Washington DC 20422, USA. James.finkelstein@med.va.gov

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|April 13, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Homocysteine is a key metabolite in methionine cycles, essential for cysteine synthesis. Elevated homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to vascular disease, but its causative role and treatment efficacy remain unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Homocysteine is an essential intermediate in methionine metabolism, not obtained from diet.
  • Methionine and homocysteine are precursors and detoxification products of each other, linked by the methionine cycle.
  • The transsulfuration pathway diverts homocysteine for cysteine synthesis, with both pathways requiring vitamin cofactors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the metabolic regulation of homocysteine.
  • To review the clinical significance of homocysteine metabolism disruptions, including homocystinuria and hyperhomocysteinemia.
  • To discuss the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of metabolic pathways: methionine cycle and transsulfuration.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of vitamin cofactor requirements (pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin).
  • Examination of clinical data linking homocysteine levels to disease.

    • Main Results:

    • Homocysteine metabolism is regulated by its distribution between the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway.
    • Disruptions manifest as rare homocystinuria or more common hyperhomocysteinemia from various causes.
    • Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for thrombovascular diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise role of minimally elevated homocysteine in vascular disease (causative vs. marker) is undetermined.
    • The efficacy of therapies like folate supplementation (with or without cobalamin, pyridoxine) cannot be predicted without resolving this question.