Femoral Arterial Hemostasis using the Angio-Sealª System after Coronary and Vascular Percutaneous Angioplasty and...

The procedures of left cardiac catheterization and revascularization by angioplasty are associated with a substantial risk of hemorrhagic complications. This risk increases clearly in patients with an intravascular stent who require early high doses of anticoagulant therapy. The first purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mechanical system of femoral hemostasis (Angio-Sealª, Sherwood Davis & Geck, St. Louis, Missouri) deployed in a group of 411 consecutive patients (302 males, 109 females, mean age 59 +/- 15) who successfully underwent percutaneous angioplasty (PA) and application of an intravascular stent (378 coronary, 33 vascular). The arterial closure system consists of a small absorbable anchor and a collagen pad connected to a suture thread which, at the end of the procedure, is positioned by percutaneous introduction at the site of the femoral puncture. All the patients studied received long-term platelet anti-aggregant therapy (ticlopidine 500 mg/day and ASA 150 mg/day) for 3Ð4 days before and for one month after the procedure, and an anticoagulant regimen of heparin sodium administered via intravenous bolus (10,000 IU) during the procedure, followed by subcutaneous heparin calcium (12,500 IU/day) for 21 days. Thirteen patients were treated intravenously with 10 mg abciximab and seven received pre-procedure coumadin. The ACT when the hemostasis system was positioned was 355 +/- 43 seconds. Successful hemostasis was reached in more than 95% of the patients (394/411 pts., 95.86%). In 17 (4.14%) of the 411 patients studied, the system failed; nine (2.19%) of these were attributed by the operator to a failure of the positioning device procedure, and the remaining 8 (1.95%) were attributed to a malfunction of the system. Overall complications were observed in 23/411 (5.6%) of the patients (pts) studied; eighteen were minor non-surgical hemorrhagic complications (bleeding and/or hematoma) which occurred primarily in the first 4 hours. In 4 cases (1%) vascular surgery was necessary for femoral pseudoaneurysm repair (2 pts) and femoral hematoma (2 pts). One patient (0.24%) complained of severe claudication related to a severe stenosis in the femoral artery caused by a malpositioning of the anchor. This patient was successfully treated with balloon angioplasty and stenting of the femoral artery. The average time to early mobilization was 9 hours, and all the patients without complications were completely mobile within 12 hours after the procedure; 380/411 (92.46%) of the patients were discharged 18Ð24 hours after percutaneous angioplasty. The second purpose of our study was to compare data from 411 consecutive patients treated with the Angio-Sealª device after coronary and vascular angioplasty and stenting (Angio-Seal group), to a group of 387 consecutive patients where the femoral arterial hemostasis was obtained using manual compression after coronary angioplasty and stenting (manual compression group). We found significant differences (p < 0.01) in the most important elements concerning general patient management after the interventional procedure, with excellent improvements using the Angio-Seal device, including: successful hemostasis (95.86% vs. 88.37%); reduction of non-surgical hematomas (1.22% vs. 4.65%); reduction of surgical hematomas (0.49% vs. 2.84%); mobilization time (9 +/- 3 hours vs. 19 +/- 8 hours); and discharge within 18Ð24 hours (92.46% vs. 0.00%).