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Related Concept Videos

Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Kinematic Equations - I01:26

Kinematic Equations - I

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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Intraoperative kinematic protocol for knee joint evaluation.

S Martelli1, S Zaffagnini, B Falcioni

  • 1Laboratorio di Biomeccanica, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. s.martelli@biomec.ior.it

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
|April 15, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new manual protocol for evaluating knee joint kinematics during surgery. This method objectively quantifies range of motion, screw-home mechanism, and instabilities without needing anatomical landmarks.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Knee Joint Motion Analysis

Background:

  • Current surgical treatments lack a standardized, objective method for evaluating knee joint kinematics.
  • Accurate assessment of knee kinematics is crucial for effective surgical intervention and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel kinematic protocol for manual, intraoperative evaluation of knee joint behavior.
  • To enable objective quantification of range of motion, the 'screw-home' mechanism, and knee instabilities during surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a manual intraoperative kinematic protocol for knee joint assessment.
  • Computation of knee movement decomposition from standard clinical tests, avoiding anatomical landmarks.
  • Comparison of the proposed method's numerical features against the established Grood and Suntay analysis using porcine knees.

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol successfully quantifies key aspects of knee kinematics, including range of motion and instabilities.
  • The method provides a knee movement decomposition comparable to the Grood and Suntay analysis.
  • Numerical evaluation demonstrated the protocol's feasibility and potential for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • The developed kinematic protocol offers a standardized, objective, and manual approach for intraoperative knee assessment.
  • This method can aid surgeons in evaluating knee behavior during surgical procedures, potentially improving outcomes.
  • The protocol's compatibility with standard clinical tests and its comparison to existing methods support its clinical utility.