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Bulge Migration and Pinnacle Reef Development, Devonian Appalachian Foreland Basin.

Ver Straeten CA, Brett

    The Journal of Geology
    |April 19, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Detailed analysis of Devonian strata in the Appalachian Basin reveals a migrating forebulge and back-bulge basin, influencing sea level and topography. This suggests a "flexural welt" controlled reef development and guides future exploration for pinnacle reefs.

    Area of Science:

    • Geology
    • Stratigraphy
    • Paleogeography

    Background:

    • The Appalachian Basin experienced significant geological activity during the Devonian period.
    • Understanding relative sea level changes and topographic inversions is crucial for interpreting basin evolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze Late Emsian and Early Eifelian carbonate strata in the northern Appalachian Basin.
    • To investigate anomalous sea level changes and topographic inversions.
    • To understand the development of the Appalachian foreland basin system.

    Main Methods:

    • Detailed stratigraphic analyses of carbonate-dominated strata.
    • Mapping of unconformities, pinnacle reefs, and lithofacies/biofacies distribution.
    • Interpretation of forebulge and back-bulge basin dynamics.

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    Main Results:

    • Identified anomalous, locally varying relative sea level changes and topographic inversions.
    • Documented the retrograde migration of a positive relief area (forebulge/flexural welt) and a migrating basin.
    • Observed shallow-water reef development during sea level lowstand on the bulge crest.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed features suggest a "flexural welt" superposed on the Appalachian foreland basin system.
    • The migrating bulge and transgression facilitated the growth of economically significant pinnacle reefs.
    • Future reef exploration should focus on the projected bulge position during the basal Onondaga lowstand.