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Seroconversion following killed polio vaccine in neonates
P K Jain1, A K Dutta, S Nangia
1Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi.
Insights
Starting infant immunization at birth with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) significantly boosts protection against polio. Early vaccination ensures infants develop robust immunity against poliomyelitis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Poliomyelitis remains a global health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- The conventional oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) schedule has limitations in achieving rapid seroconversion.
- Evaluating inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) efficacy in neonates is crucial for optimizing immunization programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the efficacy of IPV in neonates.
- To determine the additive effect of IPV or OPV administered at birth on seroconversion rates.
- To compare seroconversion rates between different IPV and OPV vaccination schedules.
Main Methods:
- Neonates received either IPV or OPV at birth, followed by three doses of OPV.
- A control group received only three doses of OPV.
- Seroconversion rates against poliovirus types were measured at specific intervals.
Main Results:
- Addition of IPV or OPV at birth significantly increased seroconversion rates compared to the control group.
- Three doses of IPV initiated at birth demonstrated superior seroconversion rates versus the control.
- Higher seroconversion rates against poliovirus type III were observed in neonates receiving three doses of IPV.
- Early immunization at birth (IPV or OPV) provided significantly better protection by 6 weeks of age.
Conclusions:
- Seroconversion rates following three doses of IPV are satisfactory.
- Administering IPV or OPV at birth enhances seroconversion rates in infants.
- Initiating immunization at birth is recommended for early protection against poliomyelitis.
Abstract:
The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of IPV in neonates and to study the additive effect of IPV or OPV at birth on seroconversion with three subsequent doses of OPV. Addition of IPV or OPV at birth to the conventional OPV schedule resulted in significantly higher seroconversion rates than in the controls, who received three doses of OPV. Three doses of IPV beginning from birth resulted in significantly better seroconversion rates than in the control group. Children receiving 3 doses of IPV showed significantly greater seroconversion rates against type III polio virus than those receiving IPV/OPV at birth followed by 3 doses of OPV. The difference in the seroconversion rates against the other virus types was not significant. A significantly greater number of children who received some vaccine at birth (IPV or OPV) were protected against poliomyelitis by 6 weeks age as compared to those who received no immunization at birth. The study recommends that seroconversion rates following three doses of IPV are satisfactory. Addition of IPV or OPV at birth to the conventional schedule markedly increases the seroconversion rates. Immunization can be started at birth to ensure early protection against poliomyelitis.