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Auditory brainstem responses in high risk and normal newborns.

S Chadha1, A S Bais

  • 1Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants at high risk for hearing loss showed impaired auditory brainstem responses. Early screening is crucial, as 18% had significant impairment, decreasing to 4% at 6 months.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Auditory Neuroscience
  • Clinical Audiology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) house infants with significant risk factors for hearing impairment.
  • Early identification of auditory dysfunction is critical for timely intervention and developmental outcomes.
  • Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) are a key diagnostic tool for assessing hearing in neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of significant auditory impairment in high-risk neonates admitted to the NICU.
  • To correlate auditory impairment with known neonatal risk factors such as low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, asphyxia, septicemia, and meningitis.
  • To evaluate the persistence of auditory abnormalities at 6 months of age.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded in 50 high-risk neonates from the NICU and compared to 25 normal neonates.
  • Testing was conducted on 150 ears across four intensity levels (30 dB, 46 dB, 60 dB, and 75 dB).
  • Key ABR parameters analyzed included wave V latency and the I-V interwave interval.

Main Results:

  • The high-risk neonate group exhibited statistically significant prolongation in wave V latency and I-V interwave interval, indicative of auditory impairment.
  • An incidence of 18% for significant auditory impairment was detected in the NICU cohort.
  • Follow-up at 6 months revealed a persistent auditory abnormality rate of 4%.

Conclusions:

  • High-risk neonates in the NICU demonstrate a significant prevalence of auditory impairment detectable via ABR.
  • Risk factors commonly found in NICU populations are associated with these auditory deficits.
  • Universal hearing screening for all high-risk neonates is strongly recommended to ensure early detection and management of hearing loss.

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