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Cerebral infarction in infants and children: clinical features, CT and EEG findings
1Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Insights
Pediatric cerebrovascular disease presents with hemiparesis and seizures, often linked to underlying risk factors. Imaging like CT scans are crucial for diagnosis in children with neurological symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in children is less common than in adults but can lead to significant morbidity.
- Understanding the clinical presentation and diagnostic patterns in pediatric CVD is essential for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and diagnostic findings of cerebrovascular disease in a pediatric cohort.
- To identify common presenting symptoms and long-term neurological outcomes in affected children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of medical records for 21 pediatric patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease.
- Exclusion of patients with head injury, brain tumors, or intracranial infections.
- Review of clinical features, risk factors, neuroimaging (CT scan), and electroencephalography (EEG) findings.
Main Results:
- The study included 21 children (6 weeks to 12 years), with a male predominance (14 boys, 7 girls).
- 47% of patients had identified underlying risk factors for CVD.
- Hemiparesis and seizures were the most frequent presenting symptoms and long-term sequelae.
- CT scans were abnormal in all patients; EEG was abnormal in 90%, with a 76% lateralizing effect.
Conclusions:
- Cerebrovascular disease in children often presents with hemiparesis and seizures, necessitating thorough investigation.
- Abnormalities on CT scans and EEG are highly prevalent in pediatric CVD, aiding in diagnosis and localization.
Abstract:
In a retrospective study, medical records of twenty one infants and children who were diagnosed for cerebrovascular disease, were analysed. Patients with history of head injury, brain tumor and intracranial infections were excluded from the study. Age ranged between six weeks and 12 years. Fourteen were boys and 7 girls. Ten patients (47%) had known underlying risk factor. Hemiparesis and seizures were commonest presenting features as well as long term neurological sequelae in survivors. CT scan was abnormal in all patients whereas, EEG was abnormal in 90% with 76% lateralizing effect.