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Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...

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Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
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Poisoning in children: Indian scenario.

A K Dutta1, A Seth, P K Goyal

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 20, 2000
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Summary

Childhood poisoning in India varies regionally, with accidental poisonings common in young children and suicidal cases in adolescents. Regional factors influence the types of poisons encountered, impacting pediatric poisoning rates and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood poisoning is a significant global health issue.
  • Understanding regional variations in pediatric poisoning is crucial for targeted prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze demographic features and types of childhood poisoning across different regions in India.
  • To compare the incidence and mortality rates of pediatric poisonings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of data from eight regional hospitals in India.
  • Analysis of demographic characteristics and poisoning agents.
  • Comparison of poisoning types and outcomes across geographical areas.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric poisonings accounted for 0.23-3.3% of total poisonings, with mortality ranging from 0.64-11.6%.
  • Accidental poisoning was prevalent in children under 5, while suicidal poisoning occurred in adolescents, often involving drugs and household chemicals.
  • Regional variations were observed, including higher drug poisoning in Delhi, pesticide poisoning in Punjab and West Bengal, plant poisoning in Shimla, and snake envenomation in rural Maharashtra.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood poisoning in India exhibits significant regional variations influenced by geographical and socio-economic factors.
  • Targeted public health interventions are needed to address specific regional poisoning risks.
  • Further research into the specific agents and circumstances of poisoning is warranted.