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Paracetamol poisoning in children.

S B Lall1, R Paul

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is a growing concern, especially in children in India. Early diagnosis and N-acetylcysteine treatment are crucial for managing acute toxicity and preventing severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used antipyretic medication.
  • Increased paracetamol overdose cases are noted due to its prevalence.
  • Children in India face heightened risk of accidental exposure due to lack of child-proof packaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the toxicokinetics, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of paracetamol poisoning in children.
  • To highlight the vulnerability of children to paracetamol overdose.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and antidote administration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on paracetamol toxicity in pediatric populations.
  • Analysis of clinical features and diagnostic findings associated with acute paracetamol poisoning.
  • Evaluation of N-acetylcysteine as the specific antidote for paracetamol overdose.

Main Results:

  • Acute paracetamol toxicity presents with anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, hematuria, and metabolic acidosis.
  • Diagnosis relies on patient history, acidosis detection, and abnormal liver function tests.
  • N-acetylcysteine is identified as the definitive antidote for paracetamol poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • Paracetamol poisoning in children requires vigilant monitoring and timely intervention.
  • Understanding the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria is essential for effective management.
  • N-acetylcysteine administration is critical for successful treatment outcomes in pediatric paracetamol overdose.

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