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Related Experiment Videos

Laser lithotripsy and cyanide.

N S Corbin1, J M Teichman, T Nguyen

  • 1Division of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7845, USA.

Journal of Endourology
|April 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy of uric acid stones produces cyanide, increasing with pulse energy. To minimize cyanide and fragment size, use Ho:YAG settings at or below 1.0 J.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Laser Physics

Background:

  • Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy of uric acid calculi can generate cyanide.
  • The precise laser and stone parameters influencing cyanide production are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cyanide production during Ho:YAG lithotripsy varies with power settings.
  • To compare cyanide production among Ho:YAG, pulsed-dye, and alexandrite lasers.
  • To determine if Ho:YAG lithotripsy of all purine calculi produces cyanide.

Main Methods:

  • Ho:YAG lithotripsy of uric acid calculi was performed using varying optical fiber diameters and pulse energies.
  • Fragmentation, cyanide levels, and fragment sizes were quantified.
  • Uric acid calculi were irradiated with Ho:YAG, pulsed-dye, and alexandrite lasers to compare cyanide production and fragmentation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Ho:YAG lithotripsy of various stone compositions (purine and non-purine) was conducted to assess cyanide generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Cyanide production and fragment size increased with Ho:YAG pulse energy.
    • Ho:YAG lasers produced significantly more cyanide than pulsed-dye and alexandrite lasers, both in absolute amounts and normalized for fragmentation.
    • All tested purine calculi (monosodium urate, uric acid, xanthine, ammonium acid urate) generated cyanide during Ho:YAG lithotripsy.

    Conclusions:

    • Ho:YAG pulse energy directly influences cyanide production.
    • Optimal Ho:YAG lasertripsy settings to minimize cyanide and fragment size are pulse energy ≤ 1.0 J.
    • Cyanide production during laser lithotripsy of uric acid calculi differs significantly among laser types and is linked to pulse duration.